小词详解 | exert
exert 英 [ɪɡˈzɜːt] 美 [ɪɡˈzɜːrt]
考研 CET4 CET6 TOEFL TEM4 TEM8
外刊例句
Founders can exert unhealthy influence over Western firms, too, but they typically do so using their shareholdings.
在西方,创始人也可能对公司施加有害的影响,不过通常都是利用手中的股权达到目的。
——《经济学人》Historically, Australia, a country of 25 million people, has seen itself as too small to exert much influence on the world stage, though its economy is nearly as large as Russia’s.
历史上,拥有2500万人口的澳大利亚一直认为自己太小,不能在世界舞台上施加太大的影响力,尽管澳大利亚的经济规模几乎与俄罗斯相当。
——《纽约时报》
基本释义
[verb] apply or bring to bear (a force, influence, or quality)
[动词] 运用或施加(某种力量、影响或特质)
深入解读
Exert 一次源自拉丁语 exerere/exserere (向前推、向外推),由前缀 ex- (出)+词根 ert (能量、活力;工作)构成,17世纪70年代进入英语后最初也是用来表示“向前推、向外推”,对应今义“使出、发挥”力量、努力等,比如:
月球对地球的吸引力引起潮汐。
The moon exerts a force on the earth that causes the tides.
而 exert oneself 这个字面意思是“向前推自己”或者说“发挥自己”的常用搭配,实则是指“努力、竭力、尽力”,也就是在体力或脑力上付出巨大的努力,使自己投入到行动或费力累人的事情中去,比如:
他必须努力才能避免失败。
In order to avert failure he would have to exert himself.
等到了17世纪80年代后, exert 开始发展出现在的主要含义指“运用、行使、施加”,主要指积极坚定地且持续有力地运用权威、权力或者施加影响、压力等来使某事发生或产生某种特定的效果,比如:
老板总是向我们施加巨大的压力迫使我们无偿加班。今晚我们将和他摊牌。
The boss always exerts considerable pressure on us to work extra hours without being paid. We are facing a showdown with him tonight.
名著用例
Could she exert herself it would be better, but this is not to be expected; and as to my father, I never in my life saw him so affected.
要是她能勉强克制一下,事情也许要好些,可惜她无法办到。讲到父亲,我一辈子也没见过他这样难受。
出自19世纪英国小说家简·奥斯丁(Jane Austen)的代表作《傲慢与偏见》(Pride and Prejudice)。
同近义词
wield: have and be able to use (power or influence)
bring to bear: exert influence or pressure so as to cause a particular result
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